|
IC
|
See: Ion-exchange
Chromatography.
|
|
Ice (v); icing
|
Process of chilling or preserving
with ice.
|
|
Identification systems (traceability)
|
Various permanent marking methods
that will enable traceability
from the live animal to the dry finished leather.
Irrespective of the technique
of the system, identification must always be performed at the
abattoir, as this is the only stage the animal’s identity, origin
(farm) and slaughter code number can be linked with the flayed
hide or skin.
See: Ear-tags; brand.
|
|
Immature keratin, (soft)
|
Softer, less highly condensed
and less chemically resistant form of keratin, composing the
newly formed epidermal cells and the hair and wool roots.
|
|
Immediate Oxygen Demand (IOD)
|
Indicates the immediate
oxygen demand that is required for a short term oxygen consumption
without micro-organisms intervention.
|
|
Immersion dyeing
|
Dyeing process in which the skins,
usually paired flesh to flesh, are repeatedly dipped into, and
removed from, the dye liquor contained in a trough.
|
|
Immersion process
|
Process of dyeing in which leathers
are immersed in a mordant, dye or other solution.
|
|
Impregnated bend
|
Sole leather bend which has been
impregnated with wax, hard grease, rubbery polymers or other
agents in order to make it more water-resistant and/or durable.
|
|
Impregnated leather
|
Sole leather bend which has been
impregnated with wax, hard grease, rubbery polymers or other
agents in order to make it more water-resistant and/or durable.
|
|
Impregnation
|
Introduction of a
liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order
to change its properties.
|
|
Inactivate (v); inactivating
|
Change reactivity of a chemical
group, from an active group into an inactive group.
Note: An –NH2- group
to an –OH- group by treatment with nitrous acid or a –COOH group
to an ester group by means of dimethyl sulphate.
|
|
Incineration
|
Controlled high temperature oxidation
of primary organic compounds. This oxidation generates gas,
fumes and solid residues called ashes and scorias.
|
|
Incinerator
|
Equipment to incinerate solid
or liquid waste.
|
|
Inert
|
Something without active chemical,
physiological or other properties.
|
|
Infrared drying
|
Through-feed dryer using radiant
heat which is absorbed instantly by the exposed wet leather
surface, evaporating the water.
|
|
Infrared radiator
|
Device, usually heated by electricity
or gas, for generating infrared radiation and specially used
for drying aqueous finish coats.
|
|
Inorganic pigment
|
Homogenised, finely dispersed
coloured inorganic substances which are insoluble in water and
organic solvents. Used in finish preparations to give good covering
properties.
|
|
Insole leather
|
Hide leather, including flexible
splits, vegetable or combination tanned, in sides, bends, shoulders
and bellies, suitable for the inner soles of footwear.
|
|
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)
|
EU Directive that must be implemented
in all Member States from the end of October 1999. It is being
introduced across Europe to improve the standard of environmental
protection. The purpose of the Directive is to achieve prevention
and control of pollution arising from the range of activities
listed in its Annex 1. It lays down regulations designed to
prevent, or where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions
to air, land and water from these activities, including regulations
concerning waste. This is being done in order to achieve a high
level of protection of the environment, taken as a whole.
|
|
Interface
|
Surface that forms the common
boundary between two liquids.
|
|
Interfibrillary matter
|
General term for various chemical
substances (proteins, glycosaminoglycans, etc.) and structural
elements (for instance cells) existing between the collagen
fibrils of connective tissue. This material is often referred
to as “ground” or as “cementing substance”, perhaps because
it coagulates on drying.
See: Hyaluronic Acid; glycosaminoglycans.
|
|
Interlocking device (interlock)
|
Mechanical, electrical or other
type of device, the purpose of which is to prevent the operation
of machine elements under specified conditions (generally as
long as the guard is not closed).
|
|
International contract
|
Agreement between the trades
organisations ICT and ICHSLTA establishing the terms of trade
for the sale/purchase of “Hides and Skins”, defined in the International
Contract No 6, and “Finished Leather”, defined in the International
Contract No 7.
|
|
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
|
A non-governmental organisation
established in 1947 whose mission is to promote the development
of standardisation and related activities in the world, with
a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and
services and to developing co-operation in the spheres of intellectual,
scientific, technological and economic activity.
|
|
International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC)
|
UNEP scientific tool for recording
and sharing data used to assess the hazards posed by chemicals
to human health and the environment.
|
|
IOD
|
See: Immediate
Oxygen Demand.
|
|
Ion-exchange Chromatography (IC)
|
Chromatographic procedure
in which the stationary phase consists of ion-exchange resins
which may be acidic or basic.
|
|
Ionise (v); ionising
|
Split, change, or become changed
into ions.
|
|
IPPC
|
See: Integrated Pollution Prevention
and Control.
|
|
Iron (v); ironing
|
Rotary heated metal surface used
to achieve a smooth and/or glossy appearance to the grain surface
of the leather. Also used on woolled sheepskins to straighten
and give a gloss to the wool fibres.
|
|
Iron oxide determination
|
Determination of
any of the hydrated, synthetic or
natural oxides of iron: Ferrous oxide, ferric oxide.
|
|
Iron stain
|
Contact
with iron (rust) causes wet staining and eventual deterioration
of leather.
|
|
Iron tannage
|
Tannage with trivalent iron salts
and especially with certain complex anionic compounds.
|
|
Ironing plate
|
Polished and heated steel plate
against which leather is pressed in the plating or ironing machine.
|
|
IRPTC
|
See: International Register of
Potentially Toxic Chemicals.
|
|
Irradiation
|
Systematic exposure of hides
coming from the flaying room, to ionising energy to effect chemical
or biological reactions which induce a low temperature sterilisation.
|
|
Irregular dyeing
|
Dyeing not regular, uneven and
imperfect. Not the same colour over all the surface.
|
|
Irritant
|
Product or preparation, which
can produce irritation in a short, prolonged or repetitive contact
with the skin or the respiratory tract. If it is in contact
with the skin, eyes or mucous membranes, can give rise to reddening
or inflammation.
|
|
ISO
|
See: International Organisation
for Standardisation.
|
|
ISO 9000 - 9001 - 9002 - 9003
|
Set of quality standards for
the implementation of Total Quality Systems.
|
|
Isocyanate
|
Compound containing two or more
isocyanate groups, such as
hexamethylene di-isocyanate, OCN.(CH2)6.NCO;
can be used as a tanning agent or for the cold lacquer process
for patent leather (polyurethane process).
|
|
Isoelectric point
|
Point or narrow range on a pH
scale at which the concentration of the anionic part of an ampholyte
equals that of the cationic part: the pH at which the ampholyte
will not migrate in an electrical field (the isoelectric points
of most proteins range from pH values of 4 to 7).
The isoelectric point (or region)
of leather is different from that of the raw hide or pelt collagen
(5-6); it is shifted by vegetable tannage to the acid side and
to the alkaline side by the usual cationic one bath chrome tannage.
|
